Type 2 diabetes accounts for over 90% of all diabetes, with around half of all people affected unaware that they have the condition. If not managed, type 2 diabetes can lead to severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. With early diagnosis and access to appropriate treatment and support, the condition can be managed and its associated complications delayed or prevented.
The IDF Global Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Management of Type 2 diabetes reflect IDF’s ongoing commitment to improving the lives of people living with diabetes worldwide by equipping healthcare providers with the tools to help them deliver high-quality, evidence-based care.
These Clinical Practice Recommendations incorporate the latest evidence and advancements in diabetes care and provide a structured yet adaptable framework for healthcare professionals, ensuring they are equipped with practical guidance tailored to diverse clinical settings. A key feature of these recommendations is their unique approach to distinguishing between optimal and basic-care strategies, allowing for context-specific adaptation while maintaining high standards of diabetes management. They also prioritise a person-centred approach, ensuring that care is aligned with the individual needs, preferences and circumstances of people living with diabetes.
Topics covered include:
- Epidemiology
- Glycaemic targets
- Blood glucose management (both non-insulin and insulin therapies)
- Weight control
- Cardio-renal health
- The impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD) and fatty liver disease on diabetes outcomes.
We are deeply saddened by the passing of Professor Akhtar Hussain (IDF President 2022–2024), who served as Chair of this initiative and led its development. His leadership, dedication, and expertise significantly shaped this publication. We respectfully dedicate this work to his memory.
Prof. Stephen Colagiuri (co-chair), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. stephen.colagiuri@sydney.edu.au
Prof. Antonio Ceriello (co-chair), IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy. antonio.ceriello@hotmail.it
International Centre for Professional Development in Health and Medicine (ICPDHM), Team – Canada
- Bhavadhirini Balaji, PhD – Lead medical writer
- Alanna Grant, PhD – Senior medical writer and editorial support
- Jenny Anawati, Vice President
- Anatoly Langer, MD, MSc, FRCPC(S), FACC, Chair
- Vivianne Vinet, Chief Executive Officer
IDF Executive Office
- Lorenzo Piemonte (Belgium)
- Lucy Michaeloudis (France)
- Lina Xue (Germany)
- Paraskevi Salpea (United States)
- Phil Riley (Belgium)
- Sameer Pathan (United Kingdom)
- Xangô Bimont (France)
IDF Technical Working Group
Co-chairs:
- Antonio Ceriello (Italy)
- Stephen Colagiuri (Australia)
Contributors (Alphabetical Order):
- A Enrique Caballero (USA)
- Akhtar Hussain (Norway) – in memoriam
- Amalia Gastaldelli (Italy)
- Ayesha A Motala (South Africa)
- Carolyn SP Lam (Singapore)
- David Jenkins (Canada)
- Francesco Cosentino (Sweden)
- Juliana CN Chan (Hong Kong, China)
- Linong Ji (China)
- Luc Van Gaal (Belgium)
- Nebojsa Lalic (Serbia)
- Per-Henrik Groop (Finland)
- Peter E.H. Schwarz (Germany)
- Rayaz A Malik (Qatar)
- Renan Magalhaes Montenegro Junior (Brazil)
- Roopa Mehta (Mexico)
- Tadej Battelino (Slovenia)
- Viswanathan Mohan (India)
External Reviewers (Alphabetical Order):
- Adel El Sayed (Egypt)
- Alicia Jenkins (Australia)
- Anatoly Langer (Canada)
- Antonio Pérez (Spain)
- Banshi Saboo (India)
- Bernard Omoech (Uganda)
- Daisuke Yabe (Japan)
- Edward W Gregg (UK)
- Gerlinde Mingerole (Italy)
- Gojka Pokic (Switzerland)
- James L Januzzi, Jr (USA)
- Jian Zhou (China)
- Jonathan Shaw (Australia)
- Maddalena Lettino (Italy)
- Massimo Federici (Italy)
- Mohammed Eslam (Australia)
- Nigel Unwin (UK)
- Peter M Šefčovič (Serbia)
- Wayne H-H Sheu (Taiwan, China)